The Lexicon for Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude UPSC GS Paper-4 2026-N.N.Ojha-Chronicle (English)

Preface

It is our pleasure to present to you the twelfth revised edition of “The Lexicon For Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude”. This book is a meticulously curated compendium designed to aid aspirants preparing for UPSC Civil Services Examination (CSE), particularly General Studies Paper IV (Ethics. Integrity & Aptitude). It is also useful for various State Public Service Commissions and other exams in which Ethics is a part of the syllabus.

We are thankful for your continued trust in Lexicon as a primary source of study and guidance for the General Studies Paper IV. To maintain that trust, over the years, the book has consistently evolved to meet the emerging demands of the examination. This edition continues that tradition by factoring in the trends reflected in the UPSC CSE 2025 exam.

The Changing Nature of Questions in GS Paper IV

The observed trends are with respect to interdisciplinary nature of questions, inclusion of contemporary themes like the digital age, war and diplomacy, ethics in international relations, national security and environmental concerns, etc. Questions related to philosophers like Mahavir, William James, etc. have been asked. The questions reflect a renewed focus on the crucial role of civil servants in relation to the key aspects of ethical governance

In case studies, there is emphasis on resolving situations of ethical dilemmas requiring knowhow of departmental functioning, welfare schemes, handling humanitarian situations during conflicts, etc.

What’s New in this Edition?

This new edition responds to these emerging trends through restructured and refined content, incorporating substantial revisions to the pedagogic structure and streamlining of content. Key ethical terms, concepts and theories have been simplified further for better conceptual clarity. Ethical terms, which are similar and confusing, have been differentiated with precision to arm you with crystal clear understanding. The chapters have been systematically revised to maintain a logical order of subject matter for better comprehension and application of ideas.

Various streams of thought and discussions related to Ethics in International Relations have been included in different chapters. For example topics like Intemational Humanitarian Laws (IHL), threats to sovereignty from state actors, disregard for international institutions, human nghts issues, nativism, India’s nuclear doctrine, etc.

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